The capability of hibonite elongated grains to influence physical,microstructural, and mechanical properties of zirconia toughened alumina–CeO2–MgO ceramics

This work investigated the capability of hibonite (CaAl₁₂O₁₉) phase on structure and microstructure of zirconia toughened alumina–CeO₂–MgO ceramics. Three different additives (CeO₂, MgO and CaCO₃) were introduced into zirconia toughened alumina ceramics prepared by solid state reaction. X-ray diffraction and FESEM analyses were employed to observe the role of secondary phases especially hibonite and its influence on the microstructural features and other properties. Among the secondary phases present, EDX analysis revealed that hibonite phase contributed to elongated grains. Vickers indentations hinted a strong difference in the efficiency of compositional adjustment among the composites. The excellent Vickers hardness and fracture toughness results obtained for 3 wt.% CaCO₃ additions showed the appearance of 5.9% hibonite with the value of 1485 HV and 7.10 MPa·√m, respectively.     

Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系性能的研究

对Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系的初晶温度、电导率以及物相组成进行了研究.研究结果表明:在该渣系中,随着MgO的含量的增加,渣系的初晶温度先降后增,当MgO的加入量为7％时值最低,初晶温度为1 497℃.该渣系中,随着MgO加入量的增加和温度的升高,渣系的电导率也随着增大,其中主要物相组成为MgAl2O4、C...     

方波永磁风力发电机性能分析

设计额定功率为1.5 MW的方波永磁风力发电机,采用场路结合法,利用Ansoft软件分析了方波永磁风力发电机在空载、额定负载情况下的运行特点,在此基础上,对比分析了方波永磁风力发电机与三相正弦波的永磁风力发电机的额定负载情况下的电磁特性,为今后设计方波永磁风力发电机提供有价值的参考依据。     

氧燃枪喷吹工艺数值模拟研究

为了研究流场分布更为稳定、废钢预热效果更佳的氧燃枪喷吹工艺,本文参考某钢厂实际生产用的预热废钢系统,采用数值模拟法研究了两种喷吹模式(A-B型和A-B-A型)下四种喷吹方式(CO-O₂式,O₂-CO式,CO-O₂-CO式,O₂-CO-O₂式)的钢包内流场及温度场.研究结果表明,采用A-B-A型O₂-CO-O₂式喷枪喷吹时的流场及温度场更均匀,在气体—废钢界面的气流最大速度为1.51m/s,最大速度与最小速度的差值为1.49m/s;在废钢料层厚度1/2处最高温度为1101K,最高温度点与最低温度点的温度差为27.29K.工业试验验证表明,数值模拟计算结果与实测点的实测结果的最大温度差小于50K,计算模拟的温度场趋势与实测结果吻合较好,证实采用A-B-A型O₂-CO-O₂式喷枪喷吹废钢预热效果更佳.     

合金电子理论及其在钛合金研究中的应用

合金因具有密度小、比强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优良的综合性能在航空航天领域得到越来越广泛的应用,相应地钛合金的理论研究也越来越必要。因此,综述合金电子理论发展现状,指出密度泛函理论和固体与分子经验电子理论的理论基础、计算方法及计算结果的区别与联系,列举出两种理论在钛合金研究中的应用情况。通过对比,给出上述两种理论在钛合金应用中各自的优缺点,展望合金电子理论在钛合金未来研究中的应用前景。     

Slag resistance mechanism of MgO–Mg2SiO4–SiC–C refractories containing porous multiphase aggregates

The slag resistance of MgO–SiC–C (MSC) refractories should be improved because of the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient between the aggregates and matrix, as well as the defects caused by the affinity between periclase and slag. In this study, MgO–Mg₂SiO₄–SiC–C (MMSC) refractories were prepared using porous multiphase MgO–Mg₂SiO₄ (M-M₂S) aggregates to replace dense fused magnesia aggregates. Compared to MSC, the slag penetration index of MMSC decreased by 43.5%. The structure of the porous aggregates increased the surface roughness, and the multiphase composition of the aggregates decreased the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient with the matrix, thus reducing debonding between the aggregates and matrix. The aggregates and matrix in the MMSC formed an interlocking structure, which bound them more tightly to improve the slag resistance. The slag viscosity at different depths from the initial slag/refractory interface was calculated using the Ribond model. The M-M₂S aggregates increased Si_xO_y^z− in the slag, which increased the slag polymerization and slag viscosity. The aggregates and matrix in the MMSC reacted with the slag to form high melting point phases, which reduced the channel of the slag. In addition, the penetration depth and velocity derived from the Washburn Equation were modified for the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–FeO slag and magnesia based refractory to accurately evaluate slag penetration.     

电磁旋流水口连铸技术研究进展

电磁旋流水口技术作为一种全新的结晶器控流技术,其应用情况逐渐被各钢铁企业关注。围绕近几年来电磁旋流水口技术的研究成果,总结和分析了此技术对结晶器内流场和温度分布的影响规律、可供选择的设备结构以及在工业应用中的冶金效果3个方面。电磁旋流水口技术对连铸坯质量的提升效果与结晶器电磁搅拌相当。与结晶器电磁搅拌协同作用后,可进一步细化连铸方、圆坯的凝固组织,减轻宏观偏析缺陷。各钢铁企业可根据实际现场情况,选择不同结构的电磁旋流装置,并配合优化后的水口结构,以满足生产不同钢种连铸坯的质量要求。     

含Y2O3电渣重熔渣系对CLAM钢组织及力学性能的影响

摘 要：利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等分析手段研究了不同含Y2O3渣系对Y-CLAM钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明：相比于70CaF2-30Y2O3渣系电渣重熔后的Y1-CLAM钢,经40CaF2-30CaO-30Y2O3渣系电渣重熔后的Y2-CLAM钢具有更高质量分数的Y,即适度提高渣系中CaO质量分数可提高Y-CLAM钢中Y元素收得率;在相同的热处理制度下,Y1-CLAM钢和Y2-CLAM钢均为回火马氏体组织;2炉实验钢晶粒尺寸、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率相近,但Y2-CLAM钢室温冲击功明显高于Y1-CLAM钢;Y2-CLAM钢韧脆转变温度（DBTT）比Y1-CLAM钢降低了12℃。     

The Mechanism of corrosion of MgOCaZrO3–calcium silicate materials by cement clinker

The chemical reactions involved in the corrosion of MgOCaZrO₃–calcium silicate materials by cement clinker were studied using a hot-stage microscope up to 1600 °C. The phases formed at 1500 °C were characterized by RLOM and SEM–EDS of the crystalline phases conducted near the reaction front and on unreacted refractory area.The general corrosion mechanism of attack on MgOCaZrO₃–calcium silicate materials involves a mechanism of matter diffusion of the liquid clinker phase through the grain boundaries and pores into the refractory substrate. The liquid phases in the clinker mainly enriched in calcium, iron and aluminium are rapidly diffused and preferentially react with magnesium spinel, calcium zirconate and magnesia, which are the major constituents in the refractory substrates. The dissolution of the CaZrO₃ refractory phase produces the enrichment with zirconium of the liquid phase increasing its viscosity and hindering the liquid phase diffusion.     

Dynamic model for the system testing process

The approach for estimating and controlling the software testing effort presented in this paper is based on the theory of dynamical systems. The system testing process is modeled by a dynamical system to better understand its behaviour and to assist project and test managers in planning and tracking effort needs.The proposed model is based on worktime effort measurement and has been applied on three industrial software development projects data. In comparison to other models of the literature the worktime based system testing model describes the behaviour of the process more adequately. Consequently, decisions about the duration of system testing can be supported. Previous models from reliability modelling were selected for comparison. However, the emphasis here is placed on industrial experience on effort tracking and control.